Image research: IBM System/360 Model 91 + Tomasulo’s algorithm

Compiled 2026-05-05. License rule: only CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0, public domain (PD-USGov, PD-no-notice, PD-old) – fair use is not acceptable.

For each candidate I verified the license on the file’s own description page on Wikimedia Commons (not on the article that uses it).

1. IBM 360/91 console / installation photo

Best (PD-USGov, NASA Goddard)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/360-91-panel.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:360-91-panel.jpg
Source: NASA. Caption on the Wikipedia article reads “System/360 Model 91 Panel at the Goddard Space Flight Center.”
License: Public Domain (work of NASA, US Federal Government).
Dimensions / size: 1047x709, 152 KB.
Suggested caption: “The control console of the IBM System/360 Model 91 at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, the first Model 91 ever delivered (1968). Photo: NASA, public domain.”
Confidence: HIGH. NASA-tagged on the Commons file page; PD-USGov template.

Backup A: CHM Model 91 console, color photo

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/IBM_System_360Model_91%281966%29console-Computer_History_Museum%282007-11-10_23.06.26_by_Carlo_Nardone%29.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_System_360Model_91(1966)console-Computer_History_Museum(2007-11-10_23.06.26_by_Carlo_Nardone).jpg
Author: Carlo Nardone (Flickr).
License: CC BY-SA 2.0.
Dimensions / size: 2272x1704, 988 KB.
Suggested caption: “A surviving Model 91 console preserved at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View. Photo by Carlo Nardone, CC BY-SA 2.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

Backup B: Living Computer Museum front panel, sharp detail

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/IBM_Model_91_Front_Panel.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_Model_91_Front_Panel.jpg
Author: MBlairMartin (own work).
License: CC BY-SA 4.0.
Dimensions / size: 2505x1324, 793 KB.
Suggested caption: “Detail of a Model 91 front panel, formerly at Seattle’s Living Computer Museum. Photo by MBlairMartin, CC BY-SA 4.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

Backup C: CHM full-system view (good for header collage)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/IBM_System_360Mainframe%282370869637%29.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_System_360Mainframe(2370869637).jpg
Author: Erik Pitti.
License: CC BY 2.0.
Confidence: HIGH (categorized under Model 91 on Commons).

2. Robert Tomasulo portrait

Result: NOT AVAILABLE under a clean license.

I checked Wikimedia Commons (Category:Tomasulo_algorithm and the surname search) – there are diagrams, plus several unrelated people named Tomasulo (a golfer, an archer, a musician), but no image of Robert Tomasulo the computer scientist. The English Wikipedia article on Tomasulo has no image at all. The IT History Society and IEEE Computer Society award pages have a small portrait, but those are unlicensed editorial images (effectively all-rights-reserved – only fair use would justify using them).

Recommendation: prose-attribute Tomasulo. Do not use any photo. If a visual placeholder is required next to his name, use the diagram from section 9 (Tomasulo’s algorithm architecture) as a “the man and the machine” stand-in, captioned with his bibliographic facts.

3. John Cocke portrait

Result: NOT AVAILABLE under a clean license.

The portrait on English Wikipedia (File:John_Cocke_(computer_scientist).jpg) is hosted on en.wikipedia, not Commons, and the file page declares it as non-free / fair use (“This photograph is copyrighted and is NOT under a free license. However, it is believed that the use of this work…qualifies as fair use…”). It is unusable here.

The ACM Turing Award page and the IBM history page also serve copyrighted portraits without a free license.

Recommendation: prose-attribute Cocke as you do for Tomasulo. If a RISC-era illustration is needed for narrative balance, an IBM 801/RISC photo from a separate post could be reused.

4. The 1967 IBM Journal of Research and Development paper / diagram

Result: NOT AVAILABLE under a clean license.

R. M. Tomasulo, “An Efficient Algorithm for Exploiting Multiple Arithmetic Units,” IBM Journal of Research and Development, Vol. 11, No. 1, Jan. 1967, pp. 25-33. The paper is on IEEE Xplore (paywalled / IEEE copyright) and appears in IBM’s own digital archive but is not released under a free license. IBM Journal of R&D is not covered by any open-access policy for 1967 content; it remains “All rights reserved, IBM.” The original reservation-station diagram from Figure 2 of that paper is therefore copyright IBM 1967 and not in the public domain (a 1967 publication with proper notice is still in copyright until 2062 in the US).

Recommendation: describe the diagram in words; or reuse the modern Wikimedia user-drawn architecture diagram from section 9. Do not reproduce a scan of the 1967 figure.

5. Gene Amdahl photo

Best

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Amdahl_march_13_2008.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amdahl_march_13_2008.jpg
Author: Perry Kivolowitz.
License: CC BY 3.0 Unported.
Dimensions / size: 687x859, 154 KB.
Suggested caption: “Gene Amdahl, chief architect of the IBM System/360 and lead designer of the Model 91, photographed in 2008. Photo by Perry Kivolowitz, CC BY 3.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

(Note: the older Amdahl photos – e.g. the IBM Stretch-era ones widely reproduced – do not appear on Commons under a free license. The 2008 photo is the cleanest available.)

6. Lynn Conway photo

Best (self-released by Conway)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Lynn_Conway_July_2006.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lynn_Conway_July_2006.jpg
Author: Charles Rogers; Conway-affiliated source (ai.eecs.umich.edu/people/conway/...).
License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Dimensions / size: 751x1000, 178 KB.
Suggested caption: “Lynn Conway in 2006. Conway joined IBM in 1964 and contributed to the dynamic instruction scheduling work behind the Model 91 before being fired in 1968 for transitioning. Photo by Charles Rogers via Conway’s archive, CC BY-SA 2.5.”
Confidence: HIGH (Conway personally approved the upload; her web archive carries the same image).

Backup

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Lynn_Conway_at_Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz%27s_gravesite.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 4.0, self-uploaded by user LynnConway.
Confidence: HIGH but the 2006 portrait is more recognizable.

7. NASA Goddard with the 360/95 (or 360/91)

The NASA Images API (images.nasa.gov) returned zero hits for “IBM 360” (the agency’s modern image library is heavily skewed toward post-2000 Earth-science and space imagery; their pre-1980 ground-equipment photos are largely on physical archive and not digitized to that index).

The single canonical Goddard photograph that has been digitized and verified PD-USGov is the same 360-91-panel.jpg listed in section 1.

I could not locate a free-licensed photograph specifically captioned as “360/95 at Goddard.” Columbia University’s computinghistory page has thumbnails attributed “IBM Photo Archive” – those are IBM-copyright, not NASA, and not clean.

Recommendation: treat the section-1 image as the Goddard image. Caption it carefully – the file is captioned “Model 91 at Goddard,” and Goddard operated both a 91 and twin 95s; there is no clean image of the 95s.

8. GFDL / Princeton machine room (NOAA Photo Library)

Result: NOT FOUND under a free license for the 360/91 or 360/195.

NOAA’s photolib.noaa.gov reorganized into noaa.gov/digital-library and fetching it currently 301-redirects to a generic landing page. I checked Commons’ Category:Geophysical_Fluid_Dynamics_Laboratory indirectly via existing repo assets (assets/images/GFDL_building.jpg is already used in the Bryan post, presumably under a clean license – reuse if appropriate).

GFDL is part of NOAA, a US Federal agency, and photographs taken by NOAA employees on duty are PD-USGov. However, contractor and academic shots of the Princeton machine room may not qualify. If the user wants a machine-room photo here, the safest path is to reuse the existing GFDL_building.jpg and caption it as the GFDL site rather than the machine itself.

9. Tomasulo’s algorithm diagram / reservation stations

Best (cleanest CC BY-SA, full architecture)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Tomasulo_Architecture.png
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tomasulo_Architecture.png
Author: Tylerc0726.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Dimensions / size: 1317x846, 71 KB.
Suggested caption: “The architecture of Tomasulo’s algorithm: a common data bus, reservation stations sitting in front of each functional unit, and register-renaming tags that decoupled instruction issue from operand readiness. User-drawn after Tomasulo (1967). Diagram by Tylerc0726, CC BY-SA 4.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

Backup (animated GIF showing 5-cycle execution)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Example_of_Tomasulo%27s_Algorithm.gif
License: CC BY-SA 4.0 International (same author).
Suggested caption: “Five cycles of Tomasulo’s algorithm in action: instructions move from issue, to reservation station, to execute, to write-back. Animation by Tylerc0726, CC BY-SA 4.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

Alternative (smaller, French-labelled)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0f/Algorithme_de_Tomasulo.png
Author: Mewtow. License: CC BY-SA 4.0.
Dimensions: 609x401, 13 KB. Labels are in French – skip unless you want a stylistic deep-cut.
Confidence: HIGH for license; LOW for usefulness on a Polish-language post.

10. CDC 6600 (for the rivalry framing)

You already have clean CDC 6600 imagery in assets/images/:

CDC_6600.jpg
CDC_6600_console.jpg
CDC_6600_chassis.jpg
CDC_6600_Cineca.jpg
header-cdc6600.jpg

Reuse one of those (already vetted in the CDC 6600 post). If you want a new high-resolution one, use:

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/CDC_6600.jc.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CDC_6600.jc.jpg
Author: Jitze Couperus.
License: CC BY 2.0.
Confidence: HIGH (already used in this series).

11. IBM 7030 Stretch (ancestor framing)

Best

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/IBM_7030Stretch_console%284376231319%29.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_7030Stretch_console(4376231319).jpg
Author: Marcin Wichary.
License: CC BY 2.0.
Dimensions / size: 4736x3157, 3.9 MB (downscale before commit).
Suggested caption: “The IBM 7030 ‘Stretch’, delivered 1961. Gene Amdahl’s earlier supercomputer; IBM lost money on every unit and pulled it from sale. Lessons from Stretch – look-ahead pipelining, pre-fetch, multiple functional units – went directly into the Model 91. Photo by Marcin Wichary, CC BY 2.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

Backup

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/IBM_Model_7030_%22Stretch%22_console%2C_1961%2C_Computer_History_Museum.jpg
Author: “The wub”. License: CC BY-SA 4.0. 4605x3070, 3.84 MB.
Confidence: HIGH.

Topical bonus: Frances Allen with a 7030

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Frances_Allen%2C_IBM_7030%2C_CHM_2011.jpg
License: CC BY-SA 2.0.
Note: You already have Frances_Allen.jpg in assets. This shot of Allen with the 7030 console (CHM 2011) is a strong cross-reference if the post wants to gesture at the compiler-side story.
Confidence: HIGH.

12. Watson Jr. (reuse, do not re-download)

The post-30 commit already brought in two identical files (1339x1704, 113 KB each):

/home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Watson_Jr.jpg
/home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Watson_Jr_1937.jpg

Both are bytewise the same image: the 1937 Brown University yearbook portrait, public domain in the US (published 1937 without a renewable notice, also pre-1978 PD-no-notice). Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_John_Watson_Jr.,_1937.jpg

Recommendation for this post: reuse Watson_Jr_1937.jpg (the more recent post 30 reference) with the caption attribution already approved. No new download necessary.

Summary table

Subject	Status	Asset
1. 360/91 console	HIGH (PD NASA)	360-91-panel.jpg
2. R. Tomasulo	NOT AVAILABLE	– prose only
3. J. Cocke	NOT AVAILABLE	– prose only
4. 1967 IBM JRD diagram	NOT AVAILABLE	– describe in text
5. G. Amdahl	HIGH (CC BY 3.0)	Amdahl_march_13_2008.jpg
6. L. Conway	HIGH (CC BY-SA 2.5)	Lynn_Conway_July_2006.jpg
7. Goddard 360/95	NOT AVAILABLE separately	reuse 360-91-panel.jpg
8. GFDL machine room	NOT AVAILABLE specifically	reuse GFDL_building.jpg
9. Tomasulo diagram	HIGH (CC BY-SA 4.0)	Tomasulo_Architecture.png
10. CDC 6600	HIGH (already in repo)	reuse CDC_6600.jpg
11. IBM 7030 Stretch	HIGH (CC BY 2.0)	IBM_7030Stretch_console(4376231319).jpg
12. Watson Jr.	HIGH (already in repo, PD)	reuse Watson_Jr_1937.jpg

Suggested wget commands

cd /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/
wget -O IBM_360_91_NASA_Goddard.jpg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/360-91-panel.jpg
wget -O IBM_360_91_CHM_console.jpg \
  "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/IBM_System_360_Model_91_%281966%29_console_-_Computer_History_Museum_%282007-11-10_23.06.26_by_Carlo_Nardone%29.jpg"
wget -O Gene_Amdahl_2008.jpg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Amdahl_march_13_2008.jpg
wget -O Lynn_Conway_2006.jpg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Lynn_Conway_July_2006.jpg
wget -O Tomasulo_architecture.png \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Tomasulo_Architecture.png
wget -O IBM_7030_Stretch_console.jpg \
  "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/IBM_7030_Stretch_console_%284376231319%29.jpg"

(All Commons URLs are stable upload.wikimedia.org paths – they are the direct image bytes, no thumbnail redirects.)

Attribution block to keep at the bottom of the post

IBM 360/91 console at NASA Goddard. Public domain (NASA). Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:360-91-panel.jpg
Gene Amdahl, 2008. Photo by Perry Kivolowitz, CC BY 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amdahl_march_13_2008.jpg
Lynn Conway, 2006. Photo by Charles Rogers, CC BY-SA 2.5. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lynn_Conway_July_2006.jpg
Tomasulo’s algorithm architecture. Diagram by Tylerc0726, CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tomasulo_Architecture.png
IBM 7030 Stretch console. Photo by Marcin Wichary, CC BY 2.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IBM_7030Stretch_console(4376231319).jpg
Thomas J. Watson Jr., Brown University 1937 (reuse). Public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_John_Watson_Jr.,_1937.jpg

ADDITIONAL CANDIDATES (Agent H, 2026-05-05)

Second-pass research for a ~10000-word hybrid-angle post. License rule unchanged: only CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0, public domain. Fair use and CC BY-NC are not acceptable.

For each item below I verified the license on the file’s own description page on Wikimedia Commons. Direct URLs are upload.wikimedia.org bytes (no thumbnail redirect).

A1. John Cocke – second pass

Result: STILL NOT AVAILABLE under a clean license.

I retried harder, as requested:

Wikimedia Commons: searched “John Cocke” and “John Cocke computer scientist.” No results for the IBM/RISC pioneer; the results return unrelated people (banker, agricultural researcher, fire-science researcher). Category:John_Cocke does not exist on Commons (404).
English Wikipedia file (File:John_Cocke_(computer_scientist).jpg): re-confirmed the file page declares non-free, fair use only: “This photograph is copyrighted and is NOT under a free license. However, it is believed that the use of this work…qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law.” Unusable.
ACM Turing Award page (amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm): the portrait there is editorial/all-rights-reserved. No CC release.
Computer History Museum profile (computerhistory.org/profile/john-cocke/): CHM photos from oral histories are typically the museum’s house imagery; the museum site does not declare CC BY for this profile page. CC BY-NC, where it appears, is not acceptable per rule.
IBM History page (ibm.com/history/john-cocke): copyrighted IBM-archive image, no free-license declaration. IBM’s general “permission for editorial use” policy is not a Creative Commons license – it is a revocable courtesy that does not satisfy the freely-licensed requirement.
Duke alumni archive: I could not confirm any digitised pre-1989 unpublished photo released for free use. Duke does not host such material publicly under CC.
Lemelson-MIT, ETHW (Engineering and Technology History Wiki): both serve copyrighted portraits, no CC release.

Recommendation: prose-attribute Cocke. Caption the IBM 7030 Stretch photo (section 11) or the Tomasulo architecture diagram (section 9) with a sentence that names Cocke as one of the Model 91’s lead designers and links forward to the 801/RISC line. Do not embed any photograph of Cocke.

A2. Bob Colwell (P6 / Pentium Pro lead architect)

Result: HIGH confidence, freely licensed.

Earlier prior research had not surfaced this, but Commons does host a Colwell portrait, sent in directly by Colwell at the request of a Wikipedia editor.

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bob_Colwell.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Colwell.jpg
Author: Ellen M. Colwell (Bob Colwell’s wife). Sent in by Bob Colwell to Wikipedia editor Mark Pellegrini.
License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Dimensions / size: 1972x2519, 3.39 MB.
Date: 5 October 2005.
Suggested caption: “Bob Colwell, lead architect of the Intel P6 microarchitecture (Pentium Pro, 1995). The P6 brought Tomasulo’s reservation-station scheme back into commercial silicon thirty years after the Model 91 – this time on a single die. Photo by Ellen M. Colwell, CC BY-SA 3.0.”
Confidence: HIGH. Self-supplied by subject, verified license template on the Commons file page.

A3. Pentium Pro die shot / package

Three clean candidates. Pick by what the post needs visually.

A3a. Decapped die (small but PD; cleanest license)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Die_ppro180.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Die_ppro180.jpg
Author: Thomascandrian~commonswiki.
License: Public Domain (CC0-equivalent dedication by author).
Dimensions / size: 2036x1200, 321 KB.
Suggested caption: “Decapped die of an Intel Pentium Pro 180 MHz. The P6 implemented Tomasulo-style out-of-order execution and register renaming on a single die in 1995, vindicating the technique that had cost too much to be commercial in 1967. Photo released to the public domain by the uploader.”
Confidence: HIGH.

A3b. Decapped die + L2 cache, larger detail (Klaus Eifert)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/CPU_Pentium_Pro.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CPU_Pentium_Pro.jpg
Author: Klaus Eifert.
License: GFDL 1.2+ AND multi-license CC BY-SA 1.0/2.0/2.5/3.0.
Dimensions / size: 2271x2106, 3.39 MB.
Suggested caption: “A decapped Pentium Pro: the processor die on the left, the on-package L2 cache on the right. The dual-die multi-chip module was novel for desktop x86 in 1995. Photo by Klaus Eifert, CC BY-SA 3.0.”
Confidence: HIGH.

A3c. Decapped underside, Moshen (cited on Wikipedia article)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg
Author: Moshen.
License: CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Dimensions / size: 2413x1974, 1.51 MB.
Suggested caption: “The bottom of a 200 MHz Pentium Pro with 256 KB of on-package L2 cache. Photo by Moshen, CC BY-SA 2.5.”
Confidence: HIGH.

A3d. Pentium Pro packaged chip in motherboard (CC0 – best for header use)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Intel_Pentium_Pro_%28Socket_8%29.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_(Socket_8).jpg
Author: Berillxvi.
License: CC0 1.0 Universal (public domain dedication).
Dimensions / size: 4000x3000, 5.02 MB.
Suggested caption: “Two Intel Pentium Pro CPUs in their Socket 8 packages on an IBM PC 365 (1995-1997). The blue ceramic carrier contains two dies side-by-side: the P6 core and an on-package L2 cache. Photo dedicated to the public domain (CC0) by Berillxvi.”
Confidence: HIGH.

A3e. Block-diagram of the P6 microarchitecture (CC0 SVG)

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg
Author: NoahSPARC.
License: CC0 1.0 Universal.
Dimensions / size: 1000x1000 SVG, 64 KB.
Suggested caption: “Block diagram of the Pentium Pro microarchitecture: in-order frontend, out-of-order execution core with reservation stations and a reorder buffer, and an in-order retirement unit. Diagram by NoahSPARC, CC0 (public domain dedication).”
Confidence: HIGH. The lineage from Tomasulo (1967) to the P6 (1995) is visible in this diagram – a strong companion to section 9’s Model 91 diagram.

A4. NASA Goddard exterior / 1965-1972 facility photographs

Result: NOT FOUND under a clean license, beyond the section-1 image.

The NASA Images API (images.nasa.gov) returned zero hits for the intersection “Goddard + IBM” filtered to 1965-1972. I also checked:

Category:Goddard_Space_Flight_Center on Commons – the category is real but its “by decade” structure has subcategories in 1960 (empty), in 1961 (4 files), in 1964 (3 files); the 1967-1970 computer-room subcategory does not exist.
Category:Goddard_Space_Flight_Center_in_the_1960s – exists but is sparse and does not contain a captioned interior IBM-360 photo.
Category:Goddard_Space_Flight_Center_in_the_1970s – 404.

Best available substitute already in the repo: /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/IBM_7090_Goddard.jpg (1504x1180, 1.16 MB) – already vetted, NASA PD, captioned for an earlier post. If the new post wants a second Goddard interior shot, this is the only clean option short of doing original archival work at NASA’s Greenbelt facility, which is out of scope.

Recommendation: rely on section 1 (360-91-panel.jpg) for the Model 91 itself, and reuse IBM_7090_Goddard.jpg to anchor the “Goddard had been an IBM-mainframe shop since the 7090” point if the post wants that beat.

A5. Apollo-era computing context

A5a. Margaret Hamilton with the AGC printouts (already in repo)

The repo already has this image at /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Margaret_Hamilton.jpg (1600x1989, 524 KB). This is the famous 1969 Draper Lab portrait of Hamilton standing next to the AGC software listings. It was already used in Post 18 (“The women they wrote out of the photo,” 2026-04-18) – verified via grep.

The Commons source is File:Margaret_Hamilton_-_restoration.jpg (2294x2853 restoration by Adam Cuerden), public domain (US, published 1931-1977 without copyright notice). License declaration: “This file is in the public domain in the United States… published in the United States between 1931 and 1977, inclusive, without a copyright notice.”

Recommendation: if you want Hamilton in this post, reuse the existing file with a fresh caption tying her to Lorenz/LGP-30 (already documented) and to Apollo’s contemporaneity with the Model 91. If you want the higher-resolution restoration, swap to:

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Margaret_Hamilton_-_restoration.jpg
License: Public Domain (US, pre-1978 no notice).
Dimensions: 2294x2853, 3.08 MB.
Confidence: HIGH.

(Caveat: there is also a File:Margaret_Hamilton.jpg on Commons which depicts a different person – a 19th-century educator – so do not link by that bare filename; use the restoration filename.)

A5b. Bryan + Manabe + Smagorinsky at GFDL, 1969 (NOAA photo)

A genuinely free photograph of three of the GFDL principals exists and is appropriate for the “Apollo era is also Manabe-Bryan era” beat:

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Kirk_Bryan_Syukuro_Manabe_Joseph_Smagorinsky_1969.png
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirk_Bryan_Syukuro_Manabe_Joseph_Smagorinsky_1969.png
Author: NOAA (US Federal agency).
Source: research.noaa.gov press article on Bryan’s NAS honour.
License: Public Domain (US Federal Government work).
Dimensions / size: 1249x968, 1.94 MB.
Suggested caption: “Kirk Bryan, Suki Manabe, and Joseph Smagorinsky at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in 1969 – the same year NASA Goddard ran the Model 91 against Apollo tracking workloads, and Manabe-Bryan published their first coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Photo: NOAA, public domain.”
Confidence: HIGH.

(This image is not currently in the repo. If the post wants it, download from the URL above.)

A6. Texas Instruments Advanced Scientific Computer (TI-ASC)

Result: NOT FOUND under a clean license on Wikimedia Commons.

Commons searches for “TI ASC,” “TI Advanced Scientific Computer,” and the category Category:Texas_Instruments_Advanced_Scientific_Computer all returned 404s or 0 hits. The search also collides badly with USDA’s “ASCS” (Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service).

The English Wikipedia article on the TI-ASC has no images at all; verified by fetching the page. The article does not even use a CHM photograph under fair use.

External sources:

Computer History Museum has a “TI ASC system room” photograph (catalog #102713086) and motherboard/cabinet items (XD224.80, XD239.80). These are CHM-house imagery, typically all-rights- reserved or CC BY-NC. Not acceptable under our rule.
SMU DeGolyer Library holds the Texas Instruments Records digital collection – hundreds of photographs – but the digital- collection terms-of-use are not a CC license; reproduction beyond fair-use scholarly use requires SMU permission.
TI’s own image gallery (ti.com/about-ti/newsroom/media-resources): TI press images are licensed for editorial use about TI products only, which is not a free license under our rule.

Recommendation: prose-describe the TI-ASC. If the post needs a visual gesture toward “the machine GFDL actually had,” reuse the existing GFDL building photo (assets/images/GFDL_building.jpg) or the Bryan-Manabe-Smagorinsky 1969 photo (A5b above) and caption it with the TI-ASC point. Do not embed a CHM or SMU photograph of the TI-ASC.

A7. Manabe portrait – reuse from existing posts

Two Manabe images are already in the repo and already vetted:

/home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Manabe_portrait.jpg (236x296, 66 KB). Used in Post 13 (“The forecast that reached the Nobel,” 2026-04-13) with the caption “Photo: Japan Academy via Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0).” Source on Commons: File:Syukuro_Manabe_cropped_Syukuro_Manabe_20090413.jpg.
/home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Syukuro_Manabe.jpg (416x555, 60 KB). Used in Post 21 (“The language that refused to die,” 2026-04-21) with the caption “Photo: Cabinet Office of Japan, 2021 (CC BY 4.0).” Source on Commons: File:Syukuro_Manabe_20211103.jpg. Verified license CC BY 4.0 (author: Minister’s Secretariat Personnel Division, Japanese Government press release on the Order of Culture).

Recommendation: if Manabe appears in this post, reuse Syukuro_Manabe.jpg (the more recent post-21 reference, larger and higher quality) with a fresh caption tying the GFDL/TI-ASC 1970s-1980s thread to his 2021 Nobel.

A8. William C. Norris – reuse from existing posts

Already in the repo: /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/William_Norris.jpg (1600x1067, 350 KB) – a downscale of the St. Gallen original.

Used in Post 29 (“Serial number one,” 2026-05-04) and Post 30 (“Thirty-four people, including the janitor,” 2026-05-05). Verified caption: “Universitatsarchiv St. Gallen / Regina Kuhne, via Wikimedia Commons. License: CC BY-SA 4.0.”

The original Commons file:

Direct URL: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/16._Internationales_Management-Gespr%C3%A4ch-William_C._Norris-HSGN_028-00628.jpg
File page: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:16._Internationales_Management-Gespr%C3%A4ch-William_C._Norris-HSGN_028-00628.jpg
Author: Regina Kühne.
License: CC BY-SA 4.0.
Dimensions: 6000x4000, 8.48 MB.

(Companion 642 file at the same shoot, same license, slightly different framing – 9.96 MB – exists if a fresh angle is wanted.)

Recommendation: reuse the existing repo file. No new download.

A9. Watson Jr. – reuse from existing posts

Already established in section 12 of the prior research. Reuse /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/Watson_Jr_1937.jpg (or the bytewise-identical Watson_Jr.jpg). Public domain. Source: File:Thomas_John_Watson_Jr.,_1937.jpg.

A10. Reorder buffer / out-of-order / register renaming diagrams

Result: MEDIUM confidence; the cleanest free diagrams are French-labelled.

Commons does not have a Category:Reorder_buffer or Category:Out-of-order_execution. The relevant content lives under:

Category:Register_renaming – 8 files, mostly French-labelled by user Mewtow (CC BY-SA 4.0).
Category:Tomasulo_algorithm – 5 files, three French-labelled by Mewtow plus the two English ones already used in section 9.

For the “out-of-order plumbing” beat, the strongest single English- labelled diagram remains the Tomasulo Architecture PNG (section 9). The closest free reorder-buffer specific diagrams on Commons are:

File:Tampon_de_reordonnancement_renommage.png (Mewtow, CC BY-SA 4.0) – renaming via reorder buffer. French labels. Useful only as a stylistic choice.
The Pentium Pro block diagram from section A3e (CC0) is the cleanest English-language depiction of a reorder buffer + RS in combination – and it has the rhetorical bonus of being the P6, which is the closing beat.

Recommendation: for the body of the post, use the Tomasulo architecture PNG (section 9). For the closing beat (“Tomasulo’s revival in the Pentium Pro”), use the P6 block diagram (A3e) as the second diagram. The two together visually complete the “1967 -> 1995” arc without any French labels and without any licensing risk (CC BY-SA 4.0 + CC0).

A11. Header image – recommendation

Recommended header: the NASA Goddard 360/91 console (360-91-panel.jpg, section 1).

Caveat about resolution: the Commons file is 1047x709, aspect ratio 1.48:1. A 1600x900 header (16:9 = 1.78:1) requires either:

(a) Crop the original to 1600x900-equivalent ratio – approximately a 1047x589 crop from the 1047x709 original, then upscale by ~53% to 1600x900. Quality will be visibly soft on retina screens.
(b) Use the original as a 1047x589 cropped header at retina-aware CSS (max-width: 1047px; aspect-ratio: 16/9). Sharp on standard screens, slightly soft on retina.
(c) Substitute the CHM color photo (section 1 backup A, IBM_System_360_Model_91_..._Carlo_Nardone.jpg, 2272x1704, 988 KB, CC BY-SA 2.0). At 2272 pixels wide, a 1600x900 crop is trivial and stays sharp. The trade-off: it is a museum shot, not the Goddard era shot. Less rhetorically resonant for a post anchored on Goddard 1968-1976.

Recommendation order:

Try (c) – the CHM color photo, cropped to 1600x900 – for visual quality.
If the post’s lede leans hard on “the first Model 91 ever delivered, NASA Goddard 1968,” prefer (a) – the PD-NASA shot upscaled. Soft but rhetorically honest.
Avoid (b) unless the site theme is set up to clamp header width to the source image.

Either way, stash the original full-resolution file in assets/images/IBM_360_91_NASA_Goddard.jpg and any header crop in assets/images/header-360-91.jpg. This matches the existing header-<topic>.jpg convention in the repo.

ADDITIONAL summary table

Subject	Status	Asset / Source
A1. John Cocke (retry)	NOT AVAILABLE	– prose only
A2. Bob Colwell	HIGH (CC BY-SA 3.0)	Bob_Colwell.jpg
A3a. P-Pro die (PD)	HIGH (PD)	Die_ppro180.jpg
A3b. P-Pro die (Eifert)	HIGH (CC BY-SA 3.0)	CPU_Pentium_Pro.jpg
A3c. P-Pro die (Moshen)	HIGH (CC BY-SA 2.5)	Pentiumpro_moshen.jpg
A3d. P-Pro Socket 8	HIGH (CC0)	Intel_Pentium_Pro_(Socket_8).jpg
A3e. P6 block diagram	HIGH (CC0 SVG)	Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg
A4. Goddard exterior 60s	NOT AVAILABLE separately	reuse 360-91-panel.jpg / IBM_7090_Goddard.jpg
A5a. Hamilton + AGC	HIGH (PD, in repo)	reuse Margaret_Hamilton.jpg (post 18)
A5b. Bryan-Manabe-Smag. 1969	HIGH (PD-NOAA)	Kirk_Bryan_Syukuro_Manabe_Joseph_Smagorinsky_1969.png
A6. TI-ASC	NOT AVAILABLE	– prose only
A7. Manabe (reuse)	HIGH (CC BY 4.0, in repo)	reuse Syukuro_Manabe.jpg (post 21)
A8. William Norris (reuse)	HIGH (CC BY-SA 4.0, in repo)	reuse William_Norris.jpg (posts 29, 30)
A9. Watson Jr. (reuse)	HIGH (PD, in repo)	reuse Watson_Jr_1937.jpg
A10. Reorder/OoO diagrams	HIGH via A3e + section 9	combine Tomasulo_Architecture.png + P6 block diagram
A11. Header recommendation	–	CHM Nardone shot (cropped) or PD-NASA Goddard (upscaled)

Suggested wget commands (additional)

cd /home/michal/repos/michalbrennek.github.io/assets/images/

# Bob Colwell (new, for the P6 closing beat)
wget -O Bob_Colwell.jpg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/Bob_Colwell.jpg

# Pentium Pro packaged chip (CC0, best for closing visual)
wget -O Pentium_Pro_Socket_8.jpg \
  "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Intel_Pentium_Pro_%28Socket_8%29.jpg"

# Pentium Pro die (PD-dedicated, smaller, sharp)
wget -O Pentium_Pro_die.jpg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Die_ppro180.jpg

# P6 block diagram (CC0, the visual closer to Tomasulo arch diagram)
wget -O Pentium_Pro_block_diagram.svg \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg

# Bryan-Manabe-Smagorinsky 1969 at GFDL (PD-NOAA)
wget -O Bryan_Manabe_Smagorinsky_1969.png \
  https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Kirk_Bryan_Syukuro_Manabe_Joseph_Smagorinsky_1969.png

(All URLs verified 2026-05-05 against upload.wikimedia.org direct bytes.)

Additional attribution block (append to post bottom)

Bob Colwell, 2005. Photo by Ellen M. Colwell, CC BY-SA 3.0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bob_Colwell.jpg
Pentium Pro in Socket 8. Photo by Berillxvi, CC0 (public domain). Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_(Socket_8).jpg
Pentium Pro die. Photo dedicated to the public domain by Thomascandrian. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Die_ppro180.jpg
Pentium Pro microarchitecture block diagram. Diagram by NoahSPARC, CC0. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Intel_Pentium_Pro_Microarchitecture_Block_Diagram.svg
Bryan, Manabe, and Smagorinsky at GFDL, 1969. Photo: NOAA, public domain. Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirk_Bryan_Syukuro_Manabe_Joseph_Smagorinsky_1969.png

Michał Brennek

Image research: IBM System/360 Model 91 + Tomasulo’s algorithm

1. IBM 360/91 console / installation photo

Best (PD-USGov, NASA Goddard)

Backup A: CHM Model 91 console, color photo

Backup B: Living Computer Museum front panel, sharp detail

Backup C: CHM full-system view (good for header collage)

2. Robert Tomasulo portrait

3. John Cocke portrait

4. The 1967 IBM Journal of Research and Development paper / diagram

5. Gene Amdahl photo

Best

6. Lynn Conway photo

Best (self-released by Conway)

Backup

7. NASA Goddard with the 360/95 (or 360/91)

8. GFDL / Princeton machine room (NOAA Photo Library)

9. Tomasulo’s algorithm diagram / reservation stations

Best (cleanest CC BY-SA, full architecture)

Backup (animated GIF showing 5-cycle execution)

Alternative (smaller, French-labelled)

10. CDC 6600 (for the rivalry framing)

11. IBM 7030 Stretch (ancestor framing)

Best

Backup

Topical bonus: Frances Allen with a 7030

12. Watson Jr. (reuse, do not re-download)

Summary table

Suggested wget commands

Attribution block to keep at the bottom of the post

ADDITIONAL CANDIDATES (Agent H, 2026-05-05)

A1. John Cocke – second pass

A2. Bob Colwell (P6 / Pentium Pro lead architect)

A3. Pentium Pro die shot / package

A3a. Decapped die (small but PD; cleanest license)

A3b. Decapped die + L2 cache, larger detail (Klaus Eifert)

A3c. Decapped underside, Moshen (cited on Wikipedia article)

A3d. Pentium Pro packaged chip in motherboard (CC0 – best for header use)

A3e. Block-diagram of the P6 microarchitecture (CC0 SVG)

A4. NASA Goddard exterior / 1965-1972 facility photographs

A5. Apollo-era computing context

A5a. Margaret Hamilton with the AGC printouts (already in repo)

A5b. Bryan + Manabe + Smagorinsky at GFDL, 1969 (NOAA photo)

A6. Texas Instruments Advanced Scientific Computer (TI-ASC)

A7. Manabe portrait – reuse from existing posts

A8. William C. Norris – reuse from existing posts

A9. Watson Jr. – reuse from existing posts

A10. Reorder buffer / out-of-order / register renaming diagrams

A11. Header image – recommendation

ADDITIONAL summary table

Suggested wget commands (additional)

Additional attribution block (append to post bottom)